Zvinodiwa zveWelded Backing Plates by Standard
Pakati peakasungirirwa majoini mafomu ezvivakwa zvesimbi, iyo fomu yekubatana uchishandisa mabheti ekutsigira inowanzoitika.Iko kushandiswa kwemapuleti ekudzosera kunogona kugadzirisa matambudziko ekushongedza munzvimbo dzakasimba uye dzakavharirwa uye kuderedza kuoma kwekuita welding.Zvakajairwa backing plate zvinhu zvakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: simbi inotsigirwa uye ceramic backing.Ehe, mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinhu zvakaita se flux zvinoshandiswa sekutsigira.Ichi chinyorwa chinotsanangura nyaya dzinoda kutariswa kana uchishandisa simbi gaskets uye ceramic gaskets.
National Standard—–GB 50661
Chitsauko 7.8.1 cheGB50661 chinoti simba regoho rebhegi rinoshandiswa harifaniri kunge rakakura kudarika simba rezita resimbi inosungirirwa, uye weldability inofanira kufanana.
Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti clause 6.2.8 inotaura kuti mapuranga ekutsigira emhando dzakasiyana haagoni kutsiviwa kune rimwe nerimwe.(Simbi liners uye ceramic liners hazvisi zvinotsiva mumwe nemumwe).
European Standard—–EN1090-2
Chikamu 7.5.9.2 cheEN1090-2 chinoti kana uchishandisa simbi inotsigirwa, iyo kabhoni yakaenzana inodiwa kuti ive isingasviki 0.43%, kana zvinhu zvine weldability yepamusoro sesimbi yepasi inofanira kuiswa weld.
American Standard—-AWS D 1.1
Simbi inoshandiswa pandiro yekutsigira inofanira kunge iri chero yesimbi muTebhura 3.1 kana Tafura 4.9, kana isiri murondedzero, kunze kwekuti simbi ine simba shoma regoho re690Mpa rinoshandiswa sendiro yekutsigisa iyo inofanira kungoshandiswa pakunama. yesimbi ine simba shoma regoho re690Mpa, inofanira kunge iri simbi yakaongororwa.Mainjiniya anofanirwa kucherechedza kuti bhodhi rekutsigira rakatengwa muChina iQ235B.Kana iyo base base panguva yekuongorora iri Q345B, uye bhodhi rinotsigira rinowanzo kutsiviwa nemudzi wakachena, zvinhu zvebhodhi rinotsigira iQ235B paunenge uchigadzira WPS.Muchiitiko ichi, Q235B haisati yaongororwa, saka iyi WPS haisi kutevedzera mitemo.
Dudziro yekuvhara kweiyo EN standard welder bvunzo
Mumakore achangopfuura, huwandu hwemapurojekiti ekugadzira simbi anogadzirwa uye akasungwa zvinoenderana neEN chiyero chiri kuwedzera, kuitira kuti kudiwa kwemawelders eiyo EN standard kuri kuwedzera.Nekudaro, vazhinji vanogadzira masimbi ekugadzira simbi havana kunyanya kujeka nezve kufukidzwa kweiyo EN welder bvunzo, zvichikonzera mimwe miedzo.Pane bvunzo dzakawanda dzakapotsa.Izvi zvichakanganisa kufambira mberi kweprojekiti, uye kana weld yave kuda kushiswa zvinoonekwa kuti welder haakodzere kuita weld.
Ichi chinyorwa chinosuma muchidimbu kufukidzwa kwebvunzo yewelder, tichitarisira kuunza rubatsiro kubasa remunhu wese.
1. Welder Exam Execution Standards
a) Manual uye semi-otomatiki welding: EN 9606-1 (Simbi kuvaka)
Ye EN9606 yakatevedzana yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvishanu.1-simbi 2-aluminium 3-mhangura 4-nickel 5-zirconium
b) Muchina welding: EN 14732
Kupatsanurwa kwemhando dzewelding zvinoreva ISO 857-1
2. Kufukidzwa Kwezvinhu
Nokuda kwekuvhara kwesimbi yepasi, hapana mutemo wakajeka muhutano, asi kune mitemo yekuvhara yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira.
Kuburikidza nematafura maviri ari pamusoro apa, kuunganidzwa kwezvinodyiwa zvinokandwa uye kuvharika pakati peboka rimwe nerimwe kunogona kujeka.
Electrode Welding (111) Coverage
Kuvharwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzewaya
3. Base simbi ukobvu uye pombi dhayamita coverage
Docking Specimen Coverage
Fillet Weld Coverage
Steel Pipe Diameter Coverage
4. Welding nzvimbo yekuvhara
Docking Specimen Coverage
Fillet Weld Coverage
5. Node Form Coverage
Iyo welded backing plate uye midzi-yekuchenesa weld inogona kufukidza mumwe nemumwe, saka kuti uderedze kuomarara kwekuyedzwa, bvunzo yejoinhi yakashongedzwa neplate yekutsigira inowanzosarudzwa.
6. Weld layer coverage
Multi-layer welds inogona kutsiva imwe-layer welds, asi kwete zvinopesana.
7. Zvimwe Zvinyorwa
a) Butt welds uye fillet welds hazvichinjike.
b) Mubatanidzwa webutt unogona kuvhara pombi yebazi welds ine kona inosanganisirwa yakakura kupfuura kana yakaenzana ne60 °, uye kufukidzira kunogumira kune pombi yebazi.
Iyo dhayamita yekunze ichakunda, asi ukobvu hwemadziro huchatsanangurwa zvichienderana nehupamhi hwemadziro.
c) Mapombi esimbi ane dhayamita rekunze rakakura kudarika 25mm anogona kuvharwa nemarata esimbi.
d) Ndiro dzinogona kuvhara mapaipi esimbi ane dhayamita rakakura kupfuura 500mm.
e) Iyo ndiro inogona kuvharwa nemapombi esimbi ane dhayamita yakakura kupfuura 75mm mumamiriro ekutenderera, asi chinzvimbo chewelding.
Panzvimbo yePA, PB, PC, PD.
8. Kuongorora
Zvekutaridzika uye macro kuongororwa, inoedzwa zvinoenderana neEN5817 B level, asi iyo kodhi ndeye 501, 502, 503, 504, 5214, zvinoenderana neC level.
mufananidzo
EN Standard Intersecting Line Welding Zvinodiwa
Mumapurojekiti ane marudzi akawanda emapombi esimbi kana sikweya simbi, izvo zvinodikanwa zvewelding zvemitsara inopindirana zvakakwirira.Nokuti kana dhizaini ichida kupindira kwakazara, hazvisi nyore kuwedzera ndiro ye liner mukati mepombi yakatwasuka, uye nekuda kwekusiyana kwekutenderera kwepombi yesimbi, iyo yakachekwa inopindirana mutsara haigone kuve yakanyatsokodzera, zvichikonzera kugadziriswa kwemanyore mu. tevera.Mukuwedzera, kona iri pakati pepombi huru uye pombi yebazi yakanyanya kuduku, uye nzvimbo yemidzi haigoni kupinda.
Pamamiriro ezvinhu matatu ari pamusoro apa, zvinotevera zvinogadziriswa zvinokurudzirwa:
1) Hapana chitsigiro cheplate ye intersecting line weld, iyo yakaenzana nekupinda kwakazara kweweld kune rumwe rutivi.Zvinokurudzirwa kuti weld panzvimbo 1 o'clock uye kushandisa yakasimba musimboti gasi shielding nzira welding.Iyo gap yewelding ndeye 2-4mm, iyo isingagone chete kuvimbisa kupinda, asiwo kudzivirira welding kuburikidza.
2) Mutsara unopindirana hauna kukodzera mushure mekucheka.Dambudziko iri rinogona kugadziriswa chete nemaoko mushure mekucheka kwemuchina.Kana zvichidikanwa, pepa remuenzaniso rinogona kushandiswa kupenda mutsara wekucheka mutsara uri kunze kwepombi yebazi, uye wozocheka zvakananga nemaoko.
3) Dambudziko rekuti kona iri pakati pepombi huru uye pombi yebazi iduku zvikuru kuti isungirwe inotsanangurwa muAppendix E ye EN1090-2.Kune intersecting line welds, yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: chigunwe, shanduko yenzvimbo, mudzi.Chigunwe uye shanduko yenzvimbo hazvina kuchena mune yekusagadzikana welding, chete mudzi une mamiriro aya.Kana kureba pakati pepombi huru uye pombi yebazi isingasviki 60 °, mudzi weld inogona kuve fillet weld.
Nekudaro, kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo yeA, B, C, uye D mumufananidzo haina kuratidzwa zvakajeka muchiyero.Inokurudzirwa kuitsanangura maererano nemufananidzo unotevera:
Nzira dzekucheka dzakajairika uye nzira yekuenzanisa
Nzira dzekucheka dzakajairika dzinonyanya kusanganisira kucheka kwemoto, plasma yekucheka, laser cutting uye high-pressure water cutting, etc. Imwe neimwe nzira yemaitiro ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira.Paunenge uchigadzira zvigadzirwa, nzira yakakodzera yekucheka inofanirwa kusarudzwa maererano nemamiriro chaiwo.
1. Kucheka kwemoto: Mushure mokupisa chikamu chekucheka chebasa rekushanda kusvika pakupisa kwekupisa kuburikidza nemhepo inopisa yemoto wegesi, kuyerera kweokisijeni yakakwirira-yepamusoro inopfapfaidzwa kuti iite kupisa uye kusunungura kupisa kwekucheka.
a) Mabhenefiti: Kucheka ukobvu kwakakura, mutengo wakaderera, uye kushanda kwacho kune mabhenefiti ari pachena mushure mekunge ukobvu hwapfuura 50mm.Kutsetseka kwechikamu kudiki (< 1 °), uye mari yekuchengetedza yakaderera.
b) Zvakaipa: kushanda kwakaderera (kumhanya 80 ~ 1000mm/min mukati me100mm ukobvu), inongoshandiswa kune yakaderera kabhoni simbi yekucheka, haigone kucheka yakakwira kabhoni simbi, simbi isina tsvina, simbi yakakandwa, zvichingodaro, kupisa kukuru kwakakanganisa nzvimbo, deformation yakakomba yegobvu. maplates, oparesheni yakaoma hombe.
2. Plasma cutting: nzira yekucheka nekushandisa kubuda kwegesi kuumba simba rinopisa re plasma arc.Kana iyo arc uye zvinhu zvichitsva, kupisa kunogadzirwa kuitira kuti zvinhu zvirambe zvichipiswa kuburikidza neokisijeni yekucheka uye inoburitswa neiyo okisijeni yekucheka kuti iite kucheka.
a) Zvakanakira: Kucheka kunoshanda mukati me6 ~ 20mm ndiko kwakanyanya (kumhanya ndeye 1400 ~ 4000mm / min), uye inogona kucheka kabhoni simbi, simbi isina tsvina, aluminium, nezvimwe.
b) Kukanganisa: iyo incision yakafara, nzvimbo yakabatwa nekupisa yakakura (inenge 0.25mm), deformation yeworkpiece iri pachena, kucheka kunoratidza zvakakomba kumonyoroka uye kutendeuka, uye kusvibiswa kwakakura.
3. Laser yekucheka: nzira yekugadzira iyo yakakwirira-simba density laser beam inoshandiswa pakupisa kwenzvimbo kuti ibudise chikamu chinopisa chechinhu kuti chibudirire kucheka.
a) Zvakanakira: yakamanikana yekucheka upamhi, yakakwirira chaiyo (kusvika 0.01mm), yakanaka yekucheka pamusoro roughness, kukurumidza kucheka kukurumidza (yakakodzera kutetepa pepa kucheka), uye kudiki kupisa kwakakanganiswa nzvimbo.
b) Zvakaipa: mutengo wemidziyo wakakwira, wakakodzera kucheka kwendiro yakaonda, asi kushanda kwegobvu rekucheka ndiro zviri pachena kuderedzwa.
4. Kucheka kwemvura yepamusoro-soro: nzira yekugadzira iyo inoshandisa kukurumidza kwemvura yemvura kuti iwane kucheka.
a) Mabhenefiti: yakakwira chaiyo, inogona kucheka chero chinhu, hapana kupisa kwakakanganiswa nzvimbo, hapana utsi.
b) Kukanganisa: kudhura kwakanyanya, kushanda kwakaderera (kumhanya 150 ~ 300mm / min mukati mehupamhi hwe100mm), chete yakakodzera kucheka ndege, isina kukodzera kutema-dimensional matatu.
Ndeipi dhayamita yakakwana yegomba remubereki bhoti uye chii chakakwana gasket ukobvu uye saizi inodiwa?
Tafura 14-2 muchikamu chechi13 cheAISC Steel Building Handbook inokurukura hukuru hwepamusoro hwegomba rega rega rebhaudhi muzvinyorwa zvevabereki.Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti saizi yegomba yakanyorwa muTable 14-2 inobvumira kumwe kutsauka kwemabhaudhi panguva yekumisikidzwa, uye base base simbi inogadziriswa inoda kuve yakanyatsojeka kana koramu inoda kuiswa chaizvo pacenterline.Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti kucheka kwemurazvo kunowanzo kudiwa kubata aya masaizi egomba.A qualified washer inodiwa kune yega yega bhaudhi.Sezvo masaizi egomba aya achitsanangurwa sehukoshi hwepamusoro hwehukuru hwawo, saizi diki dzegomba dzinogona kushandiswa kurongedza kwakaringana mabhaudhi.
Iyo AISC Dhizaini Inotungamira 10, Yakaderera Rise Steel Frame Tsigiro Column Kuisirwa chikamu, zvichibva pane zvakaitika kare, inoisa inotevera mareferensi kukosha kwegasket ukobvu uye saizi: iyo shoma gasket ukobvu hunofanirwa kunge huri 1/3 dhayamita yebhaudhi, uye iyo shoma gasket dhayamita (kana kuti isiri-denderedzwa washer kureba uye upamhi) inofanira kuva 25.4mm (1 mukati.) yakakura kudarika gomba dhayamita.Kana bhaudhi richiendesa kukakavara, saizi yewasher inofanira kunge yakakura zvakakwana kuendesa kushushikana kune base simbi.Muzhinji, iyo yakakodzera gasket saizi inogona kutsanangurwa maererano nehukuru hwesimbi ndiro.
Ko bhaudhi ringave welded zvakananga kune base simbi?
Kana iyo bhaudhi zvinhu zviri weldable, zvinogona welded kune base simbi.Chinangwa chikuru chekushandisa anchor ndechekupa nzvimbo yakagadzikana yekoramu kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwayo panguva yekuiswa.Pamusoro pezvo, mabhaudhi anoshandiswa kubatanidza zvimiro zvakaremerwa kuti zvirambe kutsigira masimba.Welding bhaudhi kune base simbi haizadzise chimwe chezvinangwa zviri pamusoro, asi zvinobatsira kupa kuburitsa kuramba.
Nekuti saizi yegomba resimbi yakakurisa, tsvimbo yeancho haiwanzogadzikwa pakati pegomba resimbi.Muchiitiko ichi, gobvu ndiro gasket (sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo) inodiwa.Kupinza bhaudhi kune gasket kunosanganisira kutaridzika kwefillet weld, senge kureba kweweld yakaenzana neperimeter yebhaudhi [π (3.14) nguva yedhayamita yebhaudhi], apo iyo inoburitsa kusimba kushoma.Asi inotenderwa kubatanidza iyo yakarukwa chikamu chebhaudhi.Kana imwe tsigiro ikaitika, iwo mameseji eiyo column base anogona kuchinjwa, uchifunga nezve "welded plate" yakanyorwa mumufananidzo pazasi.
Ndeipi dhayamita yakakwana yegomba remubereki bhoti uye chii chakakwana gasket ukobvu uye saizi inodiwa?
Kukosha kwetack welding quality
Mukugadzirwa kwezvivako zvesimbi, nzira yekugadzira, sechikamu chakakosha chekuvimbisa hutano hwepurojekiti yose, yakagamuchira kutarisirwa kukuru.Nekudaro, tack welding, seyekutanga link yewelding process, inowanzo furatirwa nemakambani mazhinji.Zvikonzero zvikuru ndezvi:
1) Positioning welding inonyanya kuitwa nemaassemblers.Nekuda kwekudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi uye kugovaniswa kwemaitiro, vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti haisi kuita welding.
2) Iyo tack welding seam yakavanzwa pasi pekupedzisira welding seam, uye zvikanganiso zvakawanda zvakavharwa, izvo zvisingakwanisi kuwanikwa panguva yekupedzisira kuongororwa kweiyo welding seam, iyo isina mhedzisiro pamhedzisiro yekupedzisira yekuongorora.
▲ padhuze zvakanyanya kusvika kumagumo (kukanganisa)
Matack welds akakosha here?Zvakawanda sei zvinokanganisa formal weld?Mukugadzira, kutanga kwezvose, zvakakosha kujekesa basa rekuisa welds: 1) Kugadzirisa pakati pezvikamu mahwendefa 2) Inogona kutakura uremu hwezvikamu zvayo panguva yekufambisa.
Mitemo yakasiyana inoda tack welding:
Kubatanidza zvinodiwa zveyero yega yega ye tack welding, isu tinogona kuona kuti welding zvinhu uye welders wetack welding zvakafanana neyakagadzirirwa weld, iyo yakakwana kuona kukosha.
▲ Kanenge 20mm kubva kumagumo (chaizvo)
Kureba uye ukuru hwetack welding inogona kutariswa maererano nehupamhi hwechikamu uye chimiro chezvikamu, kunze kwekunge paine zvirambidzo zvakasimba muyero, asi kureba uye kukora kwetack welding kunofanirwa kuve pakati nepakati.Kana yakakura kwazvo, inowedzera kuoma kweiyo welder uye kuita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuve nechokwadi chemhando.Kune fillet welds, yakakura yakawandisa tack weld size inokanganisa zvakananga kutaridzika kweyekupedzisira weld, uye zviri nyore kuoneka wavy.Kana iri diki zvakanyanya, zviri nyore kuita kuti tack weld iparare panguva yekuchinjisa kana iyo reverse side ye tack weld yakasungwa.Muchiitiko ichi, tack weld inofanira kubviswa zvachose.
▲ Tack welding crack (kukanganisa)
Kune weld yekupedzisira inoda UT kana RT, hurema hwetack welding hunogona kuwanikwa, asi kune fillet welds kana partial penetration welds, welds asingade kuongororwa kuti ane hurema hwemukati, hurema hwetack welding ndewe "Nguva bhomba. ”, iyo inogona kuputika chero nguva, zvichikonzera matambudziko akadai sekutsemuka kwema welds.
Chii chinangwa che post weld heat treatment?
Pane zvinangwa zvitatu zve post-weld kupisa kurapwa: kubvisa hydrogen, kubvisa welding kusagadzikana, kuvandudza weld chimiro uye kuita kwese.Post-weld dehydrogenation kurapwa kunoreva kudziya kwepasi-tembiricha kurapwa kunoitwa mushure mekunge welding yapera uye weld isati yatonhodzwa kusvika pasi pe100 °C.Izvo zvakajairika ndezvekupisa kusvika 200 ~ 350 ℃ uye zvichengetedze kwemaawa 2-6.Basa guru re post-weld hydrogen elimination treatment ndere kukurumidza kupukunyuka kwehydrogen munzvimbo ine weld uye inopisa-yakakanganiswa zone, iyo inoshanda zvakanyanya mukudzivirira kutsemuka kwewelding panguva yewelding yepasi-alloy simbi.
Munguva yekugadzira welding, nekuda kwekusafanana kwekupisa uye kutonhora, uye kuzvidzora kana kunze kwekudzivirira kwechikamu chacho pachako, welding stress inogara ichigadzirwa muchikamu mushure mekunge basa rekugadzira rapera.Kuvapo kwekushushikana kwesimbi muchikamu kunoderedza iyo chaiyo inotakura simba reiyo welded joint area, kukonzeresa deformation yepurasitiki, uye kunyange kutungamira mukukuvadzwa kwechikamu mumatambudziko akaomarara.
Stress yekuzorora kupisa kurapwa ndeyekudzikisa goho reiyo welded workpiece pakupisa kwepamusoro kuti uwane chinangwa chekuzorodza kushushikana kwewelding.Kune nzira mbiri dzinowanzo shandiswa: imwe ndiyo yakanyanya kupisa tembiricha, ndiko kuti, iyo weldment yese inoiswa muchoto chekudziya, ichipisa zvishoma nezvishoma kune imwe tembiricha, yozochengetwa kwenguva yakati rebei, uye pakupedzisira yatonhodzwa mumhepo kana. muchoto.Nenzira iyi, 80% -90% yekushushikana kwewelding inogona kubviswa.Imwe nzira inzvimbo yakakwirira tembiricha tempering, ndiko kuti, chete kudziyisa weld uye yakapoteredza nharaunda, uye ipapo zvishoma nezvishoma kutonhora, kuderedza peak kukosha welding kushushikana, zvichiita kuti kushushikana kuparadzirwa zvishoma sandara, uye chikamu kubvisa nomoto kunetseka.
Mushure mekunge mamwe masimbi alloy aiswa welded, majoini avo akakwenenzverwa anozove neyakaomeswa chimiro, icho chinozoshatisa ma mechanic properties yezvinhu.Mukuwedzera, chimiro ichi chakaomeswa chinogona kutungamirira kukuparadzwa kwejoini pasi pechiito chekugadzirisa kushushikana uye hydrogen.Mushure mekurapa kwekupisa, iyo metallographic chimiro chejoinhi inovandudzwa, iyo plastiki uye kuoma kweiyo yakashongedzwa yekubatanidza inovandudzwa, uye yakazara ma mechanical zvimiro zvewelded joint inovandudzwa.
Ko arc kukuvara uye temporary welds yakanyungudutswa kuita zvechigarire welds inoda kubviswa?
Mune zvimiro zvakatakurwa, arcing kukuvara hakudi kubviswa kunze kwekunge magwaro ekondirakiti achida kuti abviswe.Nekudaro, mune zvine simba zvimiro, arcing inogona kukonzeresa kushushikana kwakanyanya, izvo zvinozoparadza kusimba kweiyo dhizaini chimiro, saka pamusoro pechigadziro chinofanira kunge chiri pasi sandara uye kuputika pamusoro pechimiro kunofanirwa kutariswa nemeso.Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvenhaurirano iyi, ndapota tarisa kune Chikamu 5.29 cheAWS D1.1:2015.
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, majoini echinguvana pane tack welds anogona kuiswa mune zvechigarire welds.Kazhinji, mune zvimiro zvakatakurwa, zvinotenderwa kuchengetedza iwo ma tack welds asingakwanisi kuisirwa kunze kwekunge magwaro ekontrakiti achinyatsoda kuti abviswe.Muzvimiro zvakatakurwa zvine simba, temporary tack welds dzinofanira kubviswa.Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvenhaurirano iyi, ndapota tarisa kune Chikamu 5.18 cheAWS D1.1:2015.
[1] Statically akaremerwa zvimiro zvinoratidzwa nekunonoka kushandisa uye kufamba, izvo zvinowanzoitika muzvivakwa
[2] Dynamically loaded chimiro chinoreva maitiro ekushandisa uye/kana kufamba pane imwe spidhi, isinga tariswe seyakamira uye inoda kutariswa kwesimbi kuneta, iyo inowanzoitika mumabhiriji ezvivakwa uye crane rails.
Kuchengetedza kwechando welding preheating
Nguva yechando inotonhora yasvika, uye zvakare inoisa kumberi kwepamusoro zvinodiwa zve welding preheating.Iyo tembiricha yepreheat inowanzoyerwa isati yatengeswa, uye kuchengetedza iyi tembiricha shoma panguva yekutengesa kazhinji inoregeredzwa.Munguva yechando, kukurumidza kutonhora kwejojo ye weld inokurumidza.Kana kutonga kwehushoma tembiricha muwelding process ikasateererwa, zvinounza zvakakomba njodzi dzakavanzika kune welding mhando.
Cold cracks ndiyo yakanyanya uye inonyanya kutyisa pakati pekuremara kwewelding munguva yechando.Zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvekuumbwa kwekutsemuka kunotonhora ndezvi: zvinhu zvakaomeswa (base metal), haidrojeni, uye dhigirii rekuzvidzora.Kune yakajairwa simbi yekugadzira, chikonzero chekuomeswa kwezvinhu ndechekuti chiyero chekutonhora chakanyanya kukurumidza, saka kuwedzera tembiricha yekupisa uye kuchengetedza tembiricha iyi inogona kugadzirisa dambudziko iri zvakanaka.
Mukuvakwa kwechando kwakawanda, tembiricha yekupisa inosvika 20 ℃-50 ℃ yakakwirira kupfuura yakajairika tembiricha.Kunyanya kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune preheating yekumisikidza welding yeplate gobvu yakakwira zvishoma pane iyo yepamutemo weld.Kune electroslag welding, submerged arc welding uye kumwe kupinza kupisa Nzira dzepamusoro dzekutengesa dzinogona kunge dzakafanana neyakajairwa preheating tembiricha.Pamusoro pezvikamu zvenguva refu (zvizhinji zvakakura kudarika 10m), hazvikurudzirwi kubvisa midziyo yekupisa (kupisa chubhu kana mashizha emagetsi ekupisa) panguva yekugadzira nzira yekudzivirira mamiriro e "imwe mugumo inopisa uye imwe mugumo inotonhora".Muchiitiko chekushanda kwekunze, mushure mokunge welding yapera, kuchengetedza kupisa uye kunonoka kutonhora kunofanira kutorwa kune weld area.
Welding preheat tubes (kune nhengo refu)
Inokurudzirwa kushandisa low-hydrogen welding consumables munguva yechando.Zvinoenderana neAWS, EN uye mamwe mazinga, kudziya kwekutanga kweyakaderera-hydrogen welding zvinodyiwa zvinogona kuderera pane izvo zvegeneral welding consumables.Ngwarira kuumbwa kwekutevedzana kwewelding.Iyo inonzwisisika welding inoteedzana inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuvharira welding.Panguva imwecheteyo, sewelding injiniya, zvakare ibasa uye chisungo chekuongorora majoini ekushongedza mumadhirowa anogona kukonzera kuzvidzora kukuru, uye kuronga nemugadziri kuti achinje fomu rekubatana.
Mushure mekutengesa, mapedhi e solder uye pinout plates anofanira kubviswa rinhi?
Kuti uone kutendeseka kwegeometrical yejojo yakasungirirwa, mushure mekupedzwa kwekutsvaira, ndiro inotungamira-kunze pamucheto wechikamu ingada kugurwa.Basa rekutungamirira-kubuda ndiro nderokuvimbisa hukuru hwemazuva ose hwe weld kubva pakutanga kusvika kumagumo ekugadzirisa;asi nzira iri pamusoro inofanira kuteverwa.Sezvakatsanangurwa muZvikamu 5.10 uye 5.30 zveAWS D1.1 2015. Pazvinenge zvakakodzera kubvisa welding ekubatsira maturusi akadai sewelding pads kana maplate ekutungamirira kunze, kurapwa kwewelding surface inoda kuitwa maererano nezvinodiwa pre-welding kugadzirira.
Kudengenyeka kweNyika kwe1994 North Ridge kwakakonzera kuparadzwa kwe "beam-column-section steel" welded yekubatanidza chimiro, kukwevera pfungwa uye nhaurirano nezve welding uye seismic ruzivo, uye pahwaro hweiyo mamiriro matsva akaiswa.Zvirongwa zvekudengenyeka kwepasi mu2010 edition yeAISC chiyero uye inowirirana Supplement No. .Pane kusarudzika, zvisinei, apo kuita kwakachengetwa nechikamu chakaedzwa kuchiri kuratidza kuve kunogamuchirwa nekubata kunze kwezviri pamusoro.
Kuvandudza Cheka Hunhu - Mafungiro muKuronga uye Maitiro Kudzora
Nekukurumidza kukura kweindasitiri, zvinonyanya kukosha kuvandudza kunaka kwekucheka kwezvikamu.Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa kucheka, zvinosanganisira kucheka maparameter, mhando uye mhando yegesi inoshandiswa, kugona kwehunyanzvi hweanoshanda weworkshop, uye nekunzwisisa kwemidziyo yemuchina wekucheka.
(1) Kushandiswa kwakakodzera kweAustCAD kudhirowa chikamu chemifananidzo chinhu chakakosha chinodiwa pamhando yekucheka zvikamu;Nesting typesetting vashandi vanounganidza CNC yekucheka chikamu zvirongwa zvakanyatsoenderana nezvinodiwa zvechikamu dhizaini, uye matanho anonzwisisika anofanirwa kutorwa paunenge uchigadzira imwe flange splicing uye dzakatetepa zvikamu: Soft muripo, yakakosha maitiro (co-kumucheto, kuenderera kucheka), nezvimwewo, kuve nechokwadi kuti hukuru hwezvikamu mushure mekucheka hunopfuura kuongorora.
(2) Paunenge uchicheka zvikamu zvakakura, nekuti iyo yepakati mbiru (conical, cylindrical, webhu, chivharo) mune yakatenderedza stack yakakura, zvinokurudzirwa kuti vanogadzira mapurogiramu vaite yakakosha kugadzirisa panguva yechirongwa, micro-kubatanidza (kuwedzera breakpoints) . , isa iyo inoenderana yenguva isiri-yekucheka point (5mm) kune imwecheteyo chikamu chechikamu chinotemwa.Aya mapoinzi akabatana nesimbi ndiro panguva yekucheka, uye zvikamu zvinobatwa kudzivirira kutama uye shrinkage deformation.Mushure mekunge zvimwe zvikamu zvachekwa, aya mapoinzi anochekwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti saizi yezvikamu zvakachekwa haisi kuremara nyore.
Kusimbisa maitiro ekugadzirisa zvikamu zvekucheka ndicho chinhu chikuru chekuvandudza hutano hwekucheka zvikamu.Mushure mehuwandu hwakawanda hwekuongororwa kwedata, izvo zvinokanganisa kunaka kwekucheka ndezvizvi: opareta, kusarudzwa kwekucheka nozzles, kugadziriswa kwechinhambwe pakati pekucheka nozzles uye workpieces, uye kugadziriswa kwekucheka kukurumidza, uye perpendicularity pakati pepamusoro peiyo. ndiro yesimbi uye muromo wekucheka.
(1) Paunenge uchishanda CNC yekucheka muchina kucheka zvikamu, mushandisi anofanira kucheka zvikamu zvinoenderana neyakavharika yekucheka maitiro, uye anoshanda anofanirwa kuve neruzivo rwekuzviongorora uye kukwanisa kusiyanisa pakati peanokwanisa uye asina kukodzera zvikamu zvekutanga. chikamu chakachekwa pachake, kana asina kukodzera Kwakarurama uye kugadzirisa nenguva;wobva waiendesa kune kuongororwa kwemhando, uye kusaina tikiti rekutanga rakakodzera mushure mekupfuura ongororo;ipapo chete ndipo panogona kugadzirwa kuwanda kwezvikamu zvekucheka.
(2) Muenzaniso wekucheka muromo uye chinhambwe pakati pekucheka muromo uye workpiece zvose zvinonzwisisika zvakasarudzwa maererano nehupamhi hwezvikamu zvekucheka.Iyo yakakura iyo yekucheka nozzle modhi, iyo yakakura kukora kwesimbi ndiro inowanzocheka;uye kureba pakati pemucheka wekucheka uye ndiro yesimbi ichakanganiswa kana iri kure kana kuti iri pedyo zvikuru: kure kure kuchaita kuti nzvimbo yekupisa ive yakakura, uyewo kuwedzera kupisa kwekupisa kwezvikamu;Kana iri diki, muromo wekucheka uchavharwa, zvichikonzera kupambadza kwekupfeka zvikamu;uye kukurumidza kucheka kuchaderedzwawo, uye kubudirira kwekugadzira kuchaderedzwawo.
(3) Kugadziriswa kwekumhanya kwekucheka kunoenderana nehupamhi hwebasa rekushanda uye yakasarudzwa yekucheka nozzle.Kazhinji, inononoka nekuwedzera kwehupamhi.Kana kukurumidza kwekucheka kwakanyanyisa kana kuti kunonoka, kunokanganisa kunaka kwechiteshi chekucheka chechikamu;kukurumidza kucheka kunonzwisisika kunoburitsa ruzha rwenguva dzose apo slag inoyerera, uye iyo slag inobuda uye muromo wekucheka zviri mumutsara;inonzwisisika yekucheka kumhanya Iyo zvakare inovandudza kugadzirwa kwekucheka kunyatsoita, sezvakaratidzwa muTebhu 1.
(4) The perpendicularity pakati pemucheka wekucheka uye pamusoro peplate yesimbi yepuratifomu yekucheka, kana muromo wekucheka uye pamusoro pesimbi yesimbi isiri perpendicular, ichaita kuti chikamu chikamu chive chakarerekera, icho chichakanganisa kusaenzana. ukuru hwezvikamu zvepamusoro uye zvepasi zvechikamu, uye kururamisa hakugone kuvimbiswa.Njodzi;mushandisi anofanirwa kutarisa kupenya kweiyo yekucheka nozzle munguva isati yacheka.Kana iyo yakavharwa, kubuda kwemhepo kuchave kwakarerekera, zvichiita kuti muromo wekucheka uye pamusoro peplate yesimbi yekucheka ive isina-perpendicular, uye ukuru hwezvikamu zvekucheka zvichave zvisina kunaka.Semushandi, tochi yekucheka uye muromo wekucheka unofanirwa kugadziridzwa uye kuverengerwa usati wacheka kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti tochi yekucheka uye yekucheka nozzle yakatarisana nepamusoro peplate resimbi yepuratifomu yekucheka.
Iyo CNC yekucheka muchina chirongwa chedhijitari chinotyaira mafambiro emuchina chishandiso.Kana mudziyo wemuchina ukafamba, iyo isina kujairika yekucheka chishandiso inocheka zvikamu;saka iyo nzira yekuronga yezvikamu pandiro yesimbi inotamba chinhu chinogadzirisa mukugadziriswa kwemhando yezvikamu zvakachekwa.
(1) Kunatsiridza nzira yekucheka dendere kunobva pane yakagadziridzwa dendere dhizaini, iyo inoshandurwa kubva kunzvimbo yekugara kuenda kune yekucheka.Nekugadzirisa maitiro ekugadzirisa, kutungamira, kutanga kwemukati nekunze kwemukati, uye mitsara inotungamira uye inotungamira inogadziriswa.Kuti uwane iyo yakapfupika isina basa nzira, kuderedza deformation yekupisa panguva yekucheka, uye kunatsiridza kucheka mhando.
(2) Iyo yakakosha maitiro ekugadzirisa dendere inoenderana neratidziro yechikamu pane iyo dhizaini yekudhirowa, uye kugadzira nzira yekucheka kuti isangane nezvinodiwa chaizvo kuburikidza ne "inotsanangura" mashandiro, senge anti-deformation micro-joint cut, yakawanda. -chikamu chinoramba chichicheka, kucheka bhiriji, nezvimwewo, Kuburikidza nekugadzirisa, kutema kushanda uye hutano hunogona kuvandudzwa zviri nani.
(3) Kusarudzwa kunonzwisisika kwemaitiro paramita kwakakoshawo.Sarudza zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekucheka zvakasiyana-siyana zveplateti yakakura: sekusarudzwa kwemitsara yekutungamirira, kusarudzwa kwemitsara yekutungamirira, kureba pakati pezvikamu, chinhambwe pakati pemipendero yeplate uye ukuru hwekuvhura kwakachengetwa.Tafura 2 ndiyo Kucheka parameters kune yega yega ndiro ukobvu.
Basa rakakosha rekuisa shielding gasi
Kubva pakuona kwehunyanzvi, nekungoshandura gasi rekudzivirira kuumbwa, zvinotevera 5 zvakakosha pesvedzero zvinogona kuitwa pane welding process:
(1) Kuvandudza welding waya deposition rate
Argon-inopfumisa gasi musanganiswa kazhinji inokonzeresa kugadzirwa kwepamusoro pane yakajairwa pure carbon dioxide.Argon yemukati inofanirwa kudarika 85% kuti iwane jet shanduko.Ehe, kuwedzera welding waya deposition rate inoda kusarudzwa kweakakodzera welding paramita.The welding effect inowanzova mhedzisiro yekudyidzana kweakawanda parameter.Kusarudzika kusarudzwa kwewelding parameters kunowanzo kudzikisa kugona kwewelding uye kuwedzera basa rekubvisa slag mushure mekugadzira.
(2) Dzora spatter uye kuderedza slag kuchenesa mushure mekugadzira
Iyo yakaderera ionization inogona ye argon inowedzera kugadzikana kwearc nekudzikisira kunoenderana mu spatter.Ichangoburwa tekinoroji nyowani mune welding magetsi masosi yakadzora spatter mu CO2 welding, uye pasi pemamiriro akafanana, kana musanganiswa wegasi ukashandiswa, spatter inogona kuderedzwa uye iyo welding parameter hwindo inogona kuwedzerwa.
(3) Kudzora kuumbwa kwe weld uye kuderedza kuwandisa welding
CO2 welds inowanzobuda kunze, zvichikonzera kuwandisa uye kuwedzera mari yewelding.Iyo argon gasi musanganiswa iri nyore kudzora kuumbwa kwe weld uye inodzivirira kutambisa waya we welding.
(4) Wedzera kumhanya kwewelding
Nekushandisa argon-rich gasi musanganiswa, spatter inoramba ichidzorwa zvakanyanya kunyangwe nekuwedzera welding ikozvino.Iyo mukana unounzwa nekuwedzera kwewelding kumhanya, kunyanya kune otomatiki welding, iyo inovandudza zvakanyanya kugadzirwa.
(5) Chengetedza utsi hwekupisa
Pasi peiyo yakafanana welding inoshanda paramita, iyo argon-yakapfuma musanganiswa inoderedza zvakanyanya utsi hwewelding uchienzaniswa necarbon dioxide.Kuenzaniswa nekudyara mumidziyo yehardware yekuvandudza nharaunda yewelding yekushanda, kushandiswa kweiyo argon-rakapfuma gasi musanganiswa mukana wevashandi wekudzikisa kusvibiswa panzvimbo.
Parizvino, mumaindasitiri mazhinji, argon gasi musanganiswa yakashandiswa zvakanyanya, asi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvemombe, mazhinji mabhizinesi epamba anoshandisa 80% Ar + 20% CO2.Mune akawanda maapplication, iyi gasi yekudzivirira haishande nemazvo.Naizvozvo, kusarudza iyo yakanakisa gasi ndiyo iri nyore nzira yekuvandudza chigadzirwa manejimendi bhizinesi rewelding munzira yekumberi.Chiyero chakakosha chekusarudza yakanakisa kudzivirira gasi ndeyekusangana neiyo chaiyo welding inoda kusvika pamwero mukuru.Uye zvakare, kuyerera kwegasi kwakaringana ndiyo nzvimbo yekuona welding mhando, yakakura kwazvo kana kudiki kuyerera haikodzeri welding.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-07-2022