Welding inzira iyo maviri kana anopfuura marudzi akafanana kana akasiyana anobatanidzwa pamwechete nekubatanidza uye kuparadzanisa pakati peatomu kana mamorekuru.
Nzira yekusimudzira kubatana uye kupararira pakati peatomu nemamorekuru kudziya kana kudzvanya, kana kudziyisa nekudzvanya panguva imwe chete.
Classification of welding
Metal welding inogona kukamurwa kuita fusion welding, pressure welding uye brazing zvinoenderana nehunhu hwekuita kwayo
Mukati mekuita fusion welding, kana mhepo yakabatana yakanangana nepamusoro-tembiricha yakanyungudutswa dziva, iyo okisijeni iri mumhepo inozoita oxidize simbi uye akasiyana alloy zvinhu.Nitrogen uye mhute yemvura mumhepo ichapinda mudziva rakanyungudutswa, uye kukanganisa kwakadai se pores, slag inclusions uye kuputika kuchaumbwa mu weld panguva inotevera yekutonhora, iyo inozokanganisa kunaka uye kushanda kwe weld.
Kuti uvandudze kunaka kwewelding, nzira dzakasiyana dzekudzivirira dzakagadzirwa.Semuenzaniso, gasi yakadzivirirwa arc welding ndeyekuparadzanisa mhepo ine argon, carbon dioxide uye mamwe magasi kudzivirira arc uye pool rate panguva yekuputika;Semuyenzaniso, kana welding simbi, kuwedzera ferrotitanium poda pamwe yakakwirira okisijeni affinity kuti electrode coating nokuda deoxidation anogona kudzivirira zvinobatsira zvinhu zvakadai manganese uye nesilicon mu electrode kubva oxidation uye kupinda dziva yakanyungudutswa, uye kuwana yepamusoro-soro welds pashure kutonhora.
Bhenji mhando inotonhora welding muchina
Chinhu chakajairika cheakasiyana-siyana ekumanikidza welding nzira ndeyekuisa kumanikidza panguva yewelding pasina kuzadza zvinhu.Mazhinji ekumanikidza welding nzira, senge diffusion welding, high-frequency welding uye cold pressure welding, haina kunyunguduka, saka hapana matambudziko senge kunyunguduka welding, sekupisa kwezvinhu zvinobatsira alloy element uye kupinda kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza mu weld, izvo. inorerutsa maitiro ekushongedza uye inovandudza kuchengetedzeka uye hutano mamiriro ewelding.Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuti tembiricha yekudziya yakadzikira pane yefusion welding uye nguva yekudziya ipfupi, iyo inopisa yakakanganiswa nzvimbo idiki.Midziyo mizhinji yakaoma kusungirirwa nefusion welding inogona kazhinji kumanikidzwa kuiswa mumajoini emhando yepamusoro ane simba rakafanana nesimbi yepasi.
Mubatanidzwa wakaumbwa panguva yewelding nekubatanidza miviri miviri yakabatana inonzi weld.Munguva yekuputika, mativi ose e weld achakanganiswa nekupisa kwehuputi, uye chimiro uye zvivakwa zvichachinja.Nzvimbo iyi inodaidzwa kuti heat affecting zone.Munguva yekuputika, iyo workpiece zvinhu, welding zvinhu uye welding ikozvino zvakasiyana.Kuti ushatise weldability, zvakakosha kugadzirisa mamiriro ekugadzirisa.Preheating, kuchengetedza kupisa panguva yewelding uye post welding kupisa kurapwa pane iyo interface ye weldment isati yatungirwa inogona kuvandudza welding mhando yeweldment.
Mukuwedzera, welding inzvimbo inokurumidza kupisa uye kutonhora.Iyo welding nzvimbo haigone kuwedzera uye kubvumirana zvakasununguka nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kweiyo yakapoteredza workpiece body.Mushure mekutonhora, welding kusagadzikana uye deformation ichaitika mune weldment.Zvigadzirwa zvakakosha zvinoda kubvisa welding kusagadzikana uye kururamisa welding deformation mushure mekucheka.
Tekinoroji yemazuva ano welding yakakwanisa kugadzira welds isina mukati nekunze kukanganisa uye mechanical zvivakwa zvakaenzana kana kutokwira kupfuura izvo zvemuviri wakabatana.Nzvimbo yakatarisana yemuviri wakasundirwa munzvimbo inodaidzwa kuti welded joint.Simba rekubatana harina kungobatwa nehutano hwe weld, asiwo hunoenderana nejometri yayo, saizi, kushushikana uye mamiriro ekushanda.Iwo majoini akakosha anosanganisira butt joint, lap joint, T-joint (positive joint) uye corner joint.
Iyo muchinjika-chikamu chimiro chebutt joint weld zvinoenderana neukobvu hwemuviri wakashongedzwa usati waiswa welding uye groove fomu yemacheto maviri anobatanidza.Paunenge uchitungidza ndiro dzakakora dzesimbi, migero yezvimiro zvakasiyana-siyana ichachekwa kumacheto kuti ipinde, kuitira kuti matanda ewelding kana waya zvigone kudyiswa mukati. Mafomu eGroove anosanganisira single-sided welding groove uye maviri-sided welding groove.Paunenge uchisarudza fomu regorofu, mukuwedzera kune kuve nechokwadi chekupinda kwakazara, zvinhu zvakaita senge zviri nyore welding, simbi shoma yekuzadza, diki deformation uye yakaderera groove mutengo wekugadzirisa unofanirwa kutariswa.
Kana mahwendefa maviri esimbi ane hukobvu hwakasiyana akadzimwa, kuitira kudzivirira kushushikana kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwakapinza muchikamu chemuchinjiko, mupendero weplate wakakora unowanzo kutetepa zvishoma nezvishoma kuti uwane ukobvu hwakaenzana pamipendero miviri yakabatana.Kusimba kwakasimba uye kuneta simba kwemajoini emabutt akakwira kupfuura mamwe majoini.Welding yebutt joint inowanzosarudzwa kuti ibatanidzwe pasi pekuchinjana uye kukanganisa mitoro kana mune yakaderera-tembiricha uye yakanyanya-kudzvanywa ngarava.
Iyo lap joint iri nyore kugadzirira isati yatungirwa, iri nyore kuunganidza, uye diki muwelding deformation uye kusara kunetseka.Nokudaro, inowanzoshandiswa munzvimbo yekuisa majoini uye zvivako zvisingakoshi.Kazhinji kutaura, majoini emakumbo haana kukodzera kushanda pasi pemutoro wekuchinjana, corrosive medium, tembiricha yakakwira kana tembiricha yakaderera.
Kushandiswa kweT-joints uye majoini emakona kazhinji kunokonzerwa nezvinodiwa zvemaitiro.Maitiro ekushanda asina kukwana fillet welds paT-joints akafanana neaya emakumbo majoini.Kana iyo weld iri perpendicular kune kutungamira kwesimba rekunze, inova yekumberi fillet weld, uye chimiro chepamusoro cheweld chichaita kuti kushushikana kusungirwe mumadhigirii akasiyana;Kushungurudzika kwefillet weld nekupinda kwakazara kwakafanana neiyo yebutt joint.
Kutakura simba rekubatana kwekona kwakaderera, uye haawanzoshandiswa oga.Inogona kuvandudzwa chete kana paine kupindira kwakazara kana kana paine fillet welds mukati nekunze.Inonyanya kushandiswa pakona yegadziriro yakavharwa.
Zvigadzirwa zveWelded zvakareruka kupfuura zvikamu zvakakanyiwa, castings uye forgings, izvo zvinogona kuderedza huremu hwakafa uye kuchengetedza simba kumotokari dzekufambisa.Iyo welding ine yakanaka yekuisa chisimbiso pfuma uye yakakodzera kugadzira akasiyana midziyo.Iko kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa tekinoroji, iyo inosanganisa welding nekugadzira uye kukanda, inogona kugadzira yakakura-yakakura, ine hupfumi uye inonzwisisika yekukandira uye welding zvimiro uye forging uye welding zvimiro, zvine mabhenefiti ehupfumi.Iyo welding process inogona kunyatso kushandisa zvinhu, uye iyo welding dhizaini inogona kushandisa zvinhu zvine akasiyana zvivakwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana, kuti ipe kutamba kwakazara kune zvakanakira zvinhu zvakasiyana uye kuwana hupfumi uye mhando yepamusoro.Welding yave yakakosha uye inowedzera kukosha nzira yekugadzirisa muindasitiri yemazuva ano.
Mukugadzirwa kwesimbi kwemazuva ano, welding yakagadziridzwa gare gare pane kukanda uye kugadzira, asi yakakurumidza kukura.Huremu hwezvimiro zvakashongedzwa hunoita 45% yesimbi inobuda, uye chikamu chealuminium nealuminium alloy welded zvimiro zviri kuwedzera zvakare.
Nezve remangwana rekugadzira, kune rimwe divi, nzira nyowani dzewelding, midziyo yekushongedza uye zvinhu zvewelding zvinofanirwa kuvandudzwa kuti zviwedzere kuvandudza kunaka kwewelding uye kuchengetedzeka uye kuvimbika, sekuvandudza masimba aripo emagetsi senge arc, plasma arc, elekitironi. danda uye laser;Uchishandisa tekinoroji yemagetsi uye tekinoroji yekudzora, vandudza maitiro eiyo arc, uye gadzira yakavimbika uye yakareruka arc yekutevera nzira.
Kune rimwe divi, isu tinofanirwa kuvandudza mwero we welding mechanization uye otomatiki, sekuzadzikiswa kwehurongwa hwekutonga uye kutonga kwedhijitari kwemichina yewelding;Gadzira yakakosha welding muchina unogadzirisa maitiro ese kubva pagadziriro yekugadzirira, welding kusvika pakutarisisa kunaka;Mune otomatiki welding yekugadzira mutsara, kukwidziridzwa uye kuwedzera kwenhamba kudzora welding marobhoti uye welding marobhoti anogona kuvandudza mwero wekugadzira welding uye kuvandudza hutano hwekushongedza uye kuchengetedza mamiriro.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-02-2022